In Japan, we utilize wards for elderly patients with dementia (WEDs) for BPSD treatment. However, there are few studies investigating selleck chemicals llc the effectiveness of treatment in a WED. In such treatment, physical complications are a challenge physicians must overcome while treating BPSD and safely

returning patients home or to the institutions in which they live. Therefore, we investigated the effectiveness of treatment in a WED, focusing on physical complications.

Methods: The subjects were 88 patients who were admitted to and discharged from a WED. Severity of dementia, basic ADL, and BPSD were investigated using the Clinical Dementia Rating, Physical Self-Maintenance Scale (PSMS), and Neuropsychiatric Inventory. Differences in characteristics between patients discharged from the WED because of physical complications and all other patients were also examined.

Results: We found significant improvements in the PSMS score and decreases in delusions and sleep disturbances in all patients. Patients discharged from the WED because of physical complications had significantly greater severity Selleck Duvelisib of dementia

at discharge compared to all other patients.

Conclusion: Treatment in a WED seems to be effective for BPSD and ADL, but care should be taken regarding physical complications, especially in patients with advanced dementia.”
“Postpartum depression (PPD) is common, occurring in 10%-15% of women. Due to concerns about teratogenicity of medications in the suckling infant, the treatment of PPD

has often been restricted to psychotherapy. We review here the biological underpinnings to PPD, suggesting a powerful role for the tryptophan catabolites, indoleamine 2,3-dixoygenase, serotonin, and autoimmunity in mediating the consequences of immuno-inflammation and oxidative and nitrosative stress. It is suggested that CBL0137 Apoptosis inhibitor the increased inflammatory potential, the decreases in endogenous anti-inflammatory compounds together with decreased omega-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids, in the postnatal period cause an inflammatory environment. The latter may result in the utilization of peripheral inflammatory products, especially kynurenine, in driving the central processes producing postnatal depression. The pharmacological treatment of PPD is placed in this context, and recommendations for more refined and safer treatments are made, including the better utilization of the antidepressant, and the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of melatonin.”
“Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most frequent neurological diseases. Despite the modern imaging and nuclear techniques which help to diagnose it in a very early stage and lead to a better discrimination of similar diseases, PD has remained a clinical diagnosis. The increasing number of available treatment options makes the disease management often complicated even when the presence of PD seems undoubted.

Based on association analysis of these HMGCR polymorphisms in 864 Gushi/Anka F-2 hybrids, these two mutations have significant effects on growth, carcass, meat quality, and lipid concentration.”
“This review of the literature was performed to study the frequency and preference of usage of the buccal fat pad (BFP) in oral and maxillofacial reconstruction and to determine its potential versatility in various clinical applications. A MK-2206 inhibitor computerized literature search using Medline, the JGate@Helinet database, and the Google internet

search engine was performed for all relevant articles with specific keywords from February 2004 to July 2009. Focus was on the use of BFP regarding size, location, and types of defects and success and failure rates for various applications. It was found that BFP has been used most commonly for closure of oroantral communications/fistula, followed by reconstruction of maxillary defects; with closure of primary clefts, coverage of mucosal defects, etc. being other uses. Studies suggested that owing to favorable anatomic

location, high vascularity, ease of handling, and low failure rate, the BFP has become the flap of choice for reconstruction of various oral defects. The size limitation of the BFP must be known to permit successful outcome. The results have been encouraging for clinicians to make use of potential benefits of the BFP in closure of defects in the oral and maxillofacial region. (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Selleckchem AZD8186 Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2010;110:698-705)”
“Background:

In Brazil, 99% of malaria cases are concentrated in the Amazon, and malaria’s spatial distribution is commonly associated with socio-environmental conditions on a fine landscape scale. In this study, the spatial patterns of malaria and its determinants in a rural settlement of the Brazilian agricultural reform programme called “”Vale do Amanhecer”" in the northern Mato Grosso WZB117 state were analysed.

Methods: In a fine-scaled, exploratory ecological study, geocoded notification forms corresponding to malaria cases from 2005 were compared with spectral indices, such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the third component of the Tasseled Cap Transformation (TC_3) and thematic layers, derived from the visual interpretation of multispectral TM-Landsat 5 imagery and the application of GIS distance operators.

Results: Of a total of 336 malaria cases, 102 (30.36%) were caused by Plasmodium falciparum and 174 (51.79%) by Plasmodium vivax. Of all the cases, 37.6% (133 cases) were from residents of a unique road. In total, 276 cases were reported for the southern part of the settlement, where the population density is higher, with notification rates higher than 10 cases per household. The local landscape mostly consists of open areas (38.79 km(2)). Training forest occupied 27.34 km(2) and midsize vegetation 7.01 km(2).

We highlight these perspectives by placing parental effects in a wider evolutionary framework and suggest that far from being only an evolved static outcome BMS-345541 mouse of natural selection, a distinct channel of transmission between parents and offspring, or a statistical abstraction, parental effects on development enable evolution by natural selection by reliably

transferring developmental resources needed to reconstruct, maintain and modify genetically inherited components of the phenotype. The view of parental effects as an essential and dynamic part of an evolutionary continuum unifies mechanisms behind the origination, modification and historical persistence of organismal form and function, and thus brings us closer to a more realistic understanding of life’s complexity and diversity.”
“A novel diamine monomer having pendant 4-(quinolin-S-yloxy) aniline group was successfully synthesized via aromatic substitution

reaction of 8-quinolinol With p-fluoronitrobenzene followed by Pd/C catalyzed hydrazine reduction, amidation reaction between 4-(quinoline-8-yloxy) aniline and 3,5-dinitrobenzoylcholoride followed by Pd/C catalyzed hydrazine reduction. The diamine monomer was fully characterized by using FTIR, (1)H-NMR, (13)C-NMR, and elemental analysis. The diamine Gamma-secretase inhibitor monomer was polymerized with various aromatic and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids to obtain the corresponding polyamides. The polyamides had inherent viscosity in the range of 0.30-0.41 dL/g and exhibited excellent Solubility in the polar aprotic solvents such as DMAc, NMP, N,N-dimethylformamide, Pyridine, and DMSO. The glass transition temperatures (T,,) of the polymers are high (up to 313 degrees C) and the decomposition temperatures (T) range between 200 Syk inhibitor and 370 degrees C, depending on the diacids residue in the polymers backbone. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals,

Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 116: 64-71, 2010″
“Intravenous leiomyomatosis with intracardiac extension is an uncommon pathologic progression of uterine leiomyomata. It is a histologically benign condition, however due to interfence with right sided cardiac function patients may present with marked cardiovascular compromise and present a diagnostic dilemma to clinicians who are unfamiliar with this condition. Given the rarity of this condition, experience in individual institutions is usually limited to a few cases. We present an illustrative case and provide a review of the clinical presentation, preoperative assessment, operative approach, pathology and postoperative issues. The importance of a multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and management is highlighted. Operative management aims to completely resect all tumour in the safest manner for the patient, most commonly via single or two stage operation.

002 % Sal B. Blood glucose and

levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined at 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 h after administration. Another 3 groups of 10 Kunming mice each were fed with normal diet, high-sugar diet (20 % sucrose, HSD) and HSD + 0.002 % Sal B. Four weeks later, the levels of ROS as well as antioxidant enzyme activity were determined.

Results: Blood ROS showed the first peak at 0.5 h and a higher peak at 1.5 h after high glucose administration. ROS were mainly produced in liver and pancreas with the utilization of glucose. Sal B administration prevented increase in blood glucose and significantly (p < 0.05) reduced ROS produced in the process of glucose absorption and utilization, especially the latter. Sal B decrease oxidative stress induced by HSD through scavenging AZD5153 clinical trial ROS associated with increased activity of antioxidant enzymes.

Conclusion: This study demonstrates that Sal B can decrease oxidative stress in glucose absorption and utilization in HSD mice. Thus, the findings provide a basis for a potential interventional strategy for protecting against oxidative damage induced by HSD.”
“Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) are used as flame retardants in a wide variety of products. As part of the Integrated Exposure Assessment Survey (INES), this study aimed to characterize the exposure of an adult German population

using duplicate diet samples, which were collected daily over seven consecutive days, and indoor air and house dust measurements. Our study click here population consisted of 27 female and 23 male healthy subjects, aged 14-60 years, all of whom resided in 34 homes in southern Bavaria. In these 34 residences the air was sampled using glass fiber filters and polyurethane foams and the dust was collected from used vacuum cleaner bags.

The median (95th percentile) daily dietary intake of six Tetra- to HeptaBDE congeners was 1 2 ng/kb. b.w. (3.3 ng/kg b.w.) or 67.8 ng/day (208 ng/day) (calculated from

the 7-day median values of each study subject). Concentrations in indoor air and dust (cumulative Tri- to DecaBDE congener readings) ranged from 8.2 to 477 pg/m(3) (median: 37.8 pg/m(3)) and 36.6 to 1580 ng/g (median: 386 ng/g). respectively. For some congeners, we identified a significant correlation between air and dust levels.

The median (95th percentile) blood concentration selleck chemicals of total Tetra- to HexaBDE congener readings was 5.6 (13.2) ng/g lipid. No significant sex differences were observed, but higher blood concentrations were found in younger participants. Using a simplified toxicokinetic model to predict the body burden from exposure doses led to results that were of the same order of magnitude as the measured blood concentrations.

Based on these measurements and given our exposure assumptions, we estimated for the total tetra- to heptabrominated congener count an average (high) comprehensive total daily intake of 1.2 ng/kg b.w. (2.5 ng/kg b.w.).

Nephrotoxicity was assessed by determining the serum creatinine and urea

levels and renal antioxidant status in rats after cisplatin administration (12 mg kg(-1) body weight, i.p.). The ethanol extract of S. indicus (150 and 300 mg kg(-1) body weight) was administered orally from the sixth day onwards for 10 days after cisplatin administration. The extract selleck products significantly reduced the elevated serum creatinine and urea levels. Renal antioxidant defence systems, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase activities and reduced glutathione level that are depleted by cisplatin therapy were restored to normal by treatment with the extract. Cisplatin-induced lipid peroxidation was also found to be markedly reduced by treatment with the extract. These results suggest that S. indicus has protective effect against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, which may be attributed to its antioxidant potential.”
“Purpose

Predictive factors for radiation pneumonitis (RP) after helical tomotherapy (HT) may differ from those after linac-based radiotherapy. In this study, we identified predictive factors for RP in patients with lung cancer treated with HT.

Materials

and Methods

We retrospectively analyzed clinical, treatment-related and dosimetric factors from 31 patients with lung cancer treated with HT. RP was graded according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0 and grade >= 2 RP was defined VE-821 nmr as a RP event. We used Kaplan-Meier methods to compute the actuarial incidence of RP. For univariate and multivariate analysis, the log-rank test and the Cox proportional regression hazard model were used. We generated receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curves to define the cutoff values for significant parameters.

Results

The median follow-up duration was 6.6 months (range, 1.6 to 38.5 months). The 2-, 4-, and 6-month actuarial

RP event rates were 13.2%, 58.5%, and 67.0%, respectively. There was no grade 4 or more RP. Ipsilateral V5, V10, V15, and contralateral ABT-737 cell line V5 were related with RP event on univariate analysis. By multivariate analysis, ipsilateral V10 was factor most strongly associated with RP event. On the ROC curve, the cutoff values of ipsilateral V5, V10, V15, and contralateral V5 were 67.5%, 58.5%, 50.0%, and 55.5%, respectively.

Conclusion

In our study, ipsilateral V5, V10, V15, and contralateral V5 were significant predictive factors for RP after HT.”
“The antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of the dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and butanolic fractions from the leaves, twigs and stem bark of Scutia buxifolia were evaluated using the broth microdilution method and the brine shrimp lethality method, respectively. Phytochemical analysis was performed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

“
“Background: Low molecular weight thiols (cysteine, cysteinylglycine, glutathione [GSH] and homocysteine) are

important intermediates in different metabolic pathways. Glutathione has a relevant role as an antioxidant in detoxification of toxic compounds and xenobiotics, and homocysteine represents a risk factor for cardiovascular, neurological, and congenital diseases. KPT-8602 Homocysteine and GSH are metabolically related in a pathway including cysteine and cysteinylglycine as intermediates. For these reasons, determination of homocysteine and related thiols is of great importance in the diagnosis of several diseases.

Methods: The measurement of these sulphur compounds can be performed by using different methods, such as liquid or gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), or capillary electrophoresis.

Results: This study describes an HPLC method coupled with fluorimetric detection for the simultaneous determination of cysteine, cysteinylglycine, GSH, and homocysteine in different biological fluids (blood, saliva, urine,

NVP-BSK805 price and cerebrospinal fluid [CSF]).

Conclusion: The comparison of the results obtained by other authors, as well as the method validation and the analytical costs, indicate that this HPLC method is particularly suitable for routine measurement of thiols in different body fluids.”
“Objectives: The purposes of this study are to validate the indicator of Oral Health Impact Profile for edentulous patients (OHIP-20sp) in the Spanish population and to analyze the factorial construct of the prosthetic well-being.

Study Desing: A total of twenty-one

(n=21) edentulous patients wearing mandibular implant-overdentures on Locator (R) (LO) and twenty (n=20) with complete dentures (CD) were retrospectively evaluated in this study. All participants were recruited consecutively and were treated in the previous academic year 2009-2010 by professors of the University of Salamanca. Reliability analyses and validity tests were performed in order to evaluate the Barasertib nmr psychometric properties of OHIP-20sp employing two different total score methods (additional and simple count). A retrospective evaluation of the impact of the prosthetic treatment was captured with an evaluative instrument derived from OHIP-20, and named POST-OHIP-13.

Results: The reliability coefficient (Cronbach’s alpha=0.91) has shown a high internal consistency. Item-total correlations coefficients ranged from 0.46 and 0.81. Five factors, named as disability, functional comfort, psychosocial impact, pain-discomfort and functional limitations were identified as principal components of the construct, explaining almost 85% of the variance. The 48% of the sample felt at least one impact in an occasional or more frequently manner (generally food packing).

Design-Retrospective case series.

Animals-225 dogs (yielding 225 S schleiferi isolates).

Procedures-Information obtained from affected dogs’ medical

records included isolate body site source, antimicrobial treatments, and primary disease. For each dog, the S schleiferi isolate was characterized and antimicrobial susceptibility data were recorded. Risk factors for infection based on coagulase status and for S schleiferi oxacillin resistance were investigated. Results-Allergic dermatitis was the most common underlying disease (111/225 dogs). Ears (102 [45%])) and skin (95 [42%]) were sources selleck screening library of most of the 225 isolates. Isolate coagulase status was not significantly associated with any patient-level factors. Of the 225 isolates, 129 (57%) were oxacillin resistant. Coagulase-negative isolates were more likely to be oxacillin resistant than were coagulase-positive isolates (odds ratio [OR], 1.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1 to 3.0). Administration AZD8055 purchase of penicillin-based or first-generation cephalosporin drugs (OR, 3.0; 95% Cl, 1.8 to 5.9) and third-generation cephalosporins (OR, 3.7; 95% Cl, 1.1 to 12.3) within 30 days prior to culture were risk factors for oxacillin resistance.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Results suggested that coagulase-negative and coagulase-positive S schleiferi are potential pathogens in dogs and are often oxacillin

resistant. Recent patient treatments with penicillin or cephalosporin were risk factors for oxacillin resistance. In clinical cases, full speciation of all Staphylococcus isolates should be performed and microbial treatments should be selected on the basis of results of susceptibility testing. (J Am Vet Med Assoc

2011239:1566-1573)”
“Background: Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma is a category of renal cell carcinoma composed of histologically characteristic tumor cells. selleck kinase inhibitor E-cadherin is an intercellular adhesion protein that has been correlated with tumor aggressiveness in many carcinomas, including clear cell renal cell carcinoma. However, the significance of an E-cadherin expression in chromophobe renal cell carcinoma is not known. Methods : We evaluated the E-cadherin expression status of 65 chromophobe renal cell carcinomas by performing immunohistochemical staining with the tissue microarray method. The percentage of positively stained tumor cells was evaluated and this was then classified into two categories: a low expression where 0 to 25% of the cells are positive, and a high expression where more than 25% of the cells are positive. Results : Among 65 cases, 11 cases (17%) showed a low expression, and 54 cases (83.0%) showed a high expression. The tumors with low expression were more likely to have a higher stage but this was not significant (p=0.056).

The reason is that Welan gum possesses carboxylate functionalities, which are much stronger anchor groups than the sulfonate groups present in CaAMPS (R)-co-NNDMA. The superiority of the carboxylate groups regarding their affinity to the mineral surface, which possesses insufficiently coordinated

Ca atoms is confirmed by a higher calcium binding capability for Welan gum than for the FLA. Thus, Welan gum can reduce effectiveness of CaAMPS (R)-co-NNDMA as fluid loss agent by preventing its adsorption or through displacement of already adsorbed FLA molecules from the surface of cement. In multiadmixture systems, which are commonly used in oil well cement, concrete or mortars, competitive adsorption between different additives for surface sites can negatively impact the performance of these additives. Understanding the reasons behind can help to develop more effective Combretastatin A4 datasheet admixture systems. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 116: 2913-2919, 2010″
“Evaluation

of: Ray N, Blackburn LA, Doms RW: HR-2 mutations in human immunodeficiency virus type I gp41 restore fusion kinetics delayed by HR-1 mutations that cause clinical resistance to enfuvirtide. J. Virol. 83(7), 2989-2995 (2009). During the treatment of HIV infection with viral fusion inhibitors derived from HIV-1 gp41 heptad repeat (HR)-2 regions, drug-induced mutations have been observed not only in the HR-1 region that contains the target sites for the inhibitors, but also the HR-2 region, which is outside the inhibitor target site. Using a kinetic cell-cell fusion assay, Ray et al. Sonidegib have demonstrated that the HR-1 mutation, which helps viruses to escape from treatment challenge, significantly delays fusion kinetics, leaving viruses more vulnerable Citarinostat supplier to the host immune defense system, thus reducing the fitness of the virus. However, the mutations in the HR-2 region restore the delayed fusion kinetics close to Its original level, partially repairing the impaired fitness caused by the mutations in the drug target site. The work sheds new light on the mechanism of HIV-1 drug

resistance, which may be used for the development of new HIV fusion inhibitors with improved efficacy and drug resistance profiles.”
“While there have been substantive efforts to improve treatment and control of hypertension in Canada, many individuals with hypertension remain unaware of their condition and many health care professionals are unaware of key hypertension management recommendations. The present article reviews the new Canadian strategic direction for increased knowledge translation and dissemination of information to patients and health care professionals by providing new, innovative and easily accessible resources for hypertension education in Canada. A multitude of resources that address the diverse learning needs of health care professionals and the general public are is highlighted.

For most scenarios combined therapy was not as cost effective as the two therapies alone.

Conclusions: In this study, exercise therapy and manual therapy were more cost effective than usual care at policy relevant values of willingness-to-pay from both the perspective of the health system and society.

Trial registration number Australian New Zealand Clinical

Trials Registry ACTRN12608000130369. (C) 2013 Osteoarthritis Research Society International. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Based on van’t Hoff and Gibbs equations, thermodynamic functions Gibbs energy, enthalpy, and entropy of solution, mixing and solvation of ibuprofen in water at pH 1.2 and 6.8, were evaluated from solubility Selleckchem JNK-IN-8 values determined at several temperatures. The solubility at pH 6.8 and 298.15 K was almost thirty six fold higher with respect to pH 1.2. The enthalpies of solution were positive and greater for pH 6.8 whereas the entropy of solution was negative for pH 1.2 and positive for pH 6.8 finding a greater molecular organization at pH 1.2 after solution process. The results were discussed in terms of solute-solvent interactions.”
“Objective: Determining the relation between acetabular coverage, especially overcoverage which may lead to pincer impingement, and development of osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip.

Design: From a prospective cohort study of 1,002 individuals with symptoms of early

OA (Cohort Hip and Cohort Knee, Cilengitide molecular weight CHECK), 720 participants were included. Standardized anteroposterior pelvic radiographs and false profile lateral radiographs were obtained at baseline and 5 years follow-up. Acetabular undercoverage (mild dysplasia) and overcoverage (pincer deformity) were measured by a centre edge angle of <25 degrees and >40 degrees respectively in both radiographic views. The strength of association between those parameters at baseline and development of incident OA (Kellgren and Lawrence (K&L) grade >2

or total hip replacement), or joint space narrowing within 5 years was expressed in odds ratio (OR) adjusted for K&L grade, age, body mass index (BMI), and sex using generalized estimating equations.

Results: At baseline, 76% of the included hips had no signs of radiographic OA (K&L = 0) whereas 24% had doubtful GW786034 OA (K&L = 1). Within 5 years, 7.0% developed incident OA. Acetabular dysplasia was significantly associated with development of incident OA with ORs between 2.62 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.44-4.77) and 5.45 (95% CI 2.40-12.34), dependent on the radiographic view. A pincer deformity was not associated with any outcome measure, except for a significantly protective effect on incident OA when a pincer deformity was present in both radiographic views OR 0.34 (95% CI 0.13-0.87).

Conclusion: Acetabular dysplasia was significantly associated with development of OA.

Due to the intrinsic chemical characteristics and magnetocrystalline anisotropy of the ferrite nanoparticles, the energy barrier can selleck products be tuned to a range between 1100 K <= E-B <= 7300 K, showing an alternative approach for tuning the magnetic dynamic properties, in contrast to the well-known mechanism through particle-size-effects. Specific loss power efficiencies were evaluated for the three ferrite samples. Comparing the three samples at the maximum ac frequency of nu = 10 kHz, MnFe2O4 exhibits the single-peak maximum of loss with the value of 273 erg/s . g at T = 65 K, whereas for the CoFe2O4, a maximum of 132 erg/s . g (T = 217 K) was determined. A considerable

drop in the efficiency was determined for the Fe3O4 nanoparticles, with the value of 20 erg/s . g at T = 43.5 K. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3638053]“
“Human 7SK RNA is an abundant 331 nt nuclear transcript generated by RNA polymerase III. Binding of 7SK RNA to HEXIM 1/2 turns these proteins into inhibitors of P-TEFb (Positive Transcriptional Elongation Factor b). P-TEFb is required for RNA polymerase II transcription elongation. 7SK RNA is released from P-TEFb/HEXIM/7SK complexes upon an arrest in transcription and physiological stimulations such

as cardiac hypertrophy, leading to P-TEFb activation. The released 7SK RNA associates a subset of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNP). 7SK RNA has been evolutionary conserved in vertebrates this website and homologues are found in annelid, mollusc and insect genomes. 7SK RNA folds into several hairpins that serve as specific platforms for binding proteins. It is stabilized by mono-methylation of its 5′-triphosphate group and binding of a specific find more La-Related protein, IARP7 at its 3′ end. As the likely best characterized example, 7SK RNA is a paradigm for non-coding RNAs regulating transcription.”
“Glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1) is an endogenous anti-oxidant enzyme. The T allele of the GPx-1 rs1050450 (C > T) gene variant is associated with reduced enzyme activity. Our aim was to examine the association between this gene variant and

peripheral neuropathy in two cross-sectional samples of subjects with diabetes: (i) 773 Caucasian subjects were genotyped from the UCL Diabetes and Cardiovascular disease Study (UDACS) and (ii) 382 Caucasian subjects from the Ealing Diabetes Study (EDS). Peripheral neuropathy status (and oxidised-LDL [Ox-LDL:LDL] and plasma Total Ant-ioxidant Status [TAOS] in UDACS), were analysed in relation to genotype. We observed that: (i) In UDACS, the odds ratio (OR) for peripheral neuropathy in the Tallele carriers compared to the CC genotype was 1.61 [1.10-2.28], p = 0.01. This remained significant after adjustment for other risk factors. Ox-LDL: LDL ratio was significantly elevated in T allele carriers (CC vs. CT/TT: 16.3 +/- 2.4 v 18.0 +/- 2.9 U/mmol LDL, p=0.02).