In this study, a technique for measuring fiber segment orientation as proposed by Eberhardt and Clarke is implemented and experimentally studied based on analysis of X-ray computed microtomographic data. Fiber segment orientation distributions were extracted from volumetric X-ray microtomography data sets of hydroentangled nonwoven fabrics manufactured from parallel-laid, cross-laid, and air-laid webs. Spherical coordinates represented the orientation of individual fibers. Physical testing of the samples by means of zero-span tensile testing and z-directional tensile testing was employed to compare

with the computed results.”
“An in vitro method BLZ945 was developed for estimating in vivo degradation time of sutures made from synthetic bioresorbable polyesters. Model compounds and a number of

commercially available bioresorbable suture products were used to establish the applicability of this hydrolysis profile methodology. Hydrolysis profiles on tested bioresorbable sutures were determined as a function of size and chemical composition. This method of accelerated absorption testing may shorten product development time and reduce the need see more for animal testing. In addition, the methodologies presented have the potential to provide insight into the loss of mechanical properties with time. (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2013.”
“One of the most critical challenges in systems neuroscience is determining the neural code. A principled framework for addressing this can be found in information theory. With this approach, one can determine whether a proposed code can account for the stimulus-response relationship. Specifically,

one can compare the transmitted information between the stimulus and the hypothesized neural code with the transmitted information between the stimulus and the behavioral response. If the former is smaller than the latter (i.e., if the code cannot account for the behavior), the code can be ruled out.\n\nThe information-theoretic index most widely used in this context is Shannon’s mutual information. The Shannon test, however, (-)-Nutlin-3 is not ideal for this purpose: while the codes it will rule out are truly nonviable, there will be some nonviable codes that it will fail to rule out. Here we describe a wide range of alternative indices that can be used for ruling codes out. The range includes a continuum from Shannon information to measures of the performance of a Bayesian decoder. We analyze the relationship of these indices to each other and their complementary strengths and weaknesses for addressing this problem.”
“Lack of magnesium suppresses cell growth, but the molecular mechanism is not examined in detail.