The study investigated the signal selleck screening library pathway of hippocampal apoptosis induced by intragastric administration of CeCl3 for 60 consecutive days. It showed that cerium had been significantly accumulated in the mouse hippocampus, and CeCl3 caused hippocampal apoptosis and impairment of spatial recognition memory of mice. CeCl3 effectively activated caspase-3 and -9, inhibited Bcl-2, and increased the levels of Bax and cytochrome c, promoted accumulation of reactive oxygen species in the mouse hippocampus. It implied that CeCl3-induced apoptosis in the mouse hippocampus could be triggered via mitochondrion-mediated pathway. Our findings suggest the need for great caution to handle the lanthanides

for workers and consumers. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 27: 707-718, 2012.”
“P>Objective:

A prospective randomized, controlled trial was conducted comparing supraglottic airways (SGA) for flexible bronchoscopy in 100 children.

Background:

Pediatric flexible bronchoscopy is commonly performed using a SGA as both a ventilation device and a conduit for flexible bronchoscopy. We observed that some disposable SGAs were associated with increased resistance to bronchoscope manipulation compared to the LMA Classic (TM) (cLMA (TM)).

Methods:

We compared the cLMA (TM) to the Ambu (R) Aura Once (TM), Portex (R) Soft Seal (TM), Boss Systems disposable silicone laryngeal mask, and LMA Unique (TM). We recorded the subjective resistance

of the bronchoscope GSI-IX solubility dmso manipulation within the SGA by linear GW2580 mw analog score and measured the time to insert the bronchoscope from the proximal end of the SGA to the right upper lobe. We also scored the view of the larynx through the bronchoscope and measured SGA cuff pressures.

Results:

Resistance to bronchoscope manipulation during pediatric flexible bronchoscopy was higher using polyvinyl chloride (PVC) disposable SGAs (Ambu (R), Unique (TM), and Portex (R)) than the silicone re-usable cLMA (TM) (P < 0.0001). The Unique (TM) and Ambu (R) laryngeal

masks were clinically inferior to the cLMA (TM) at all levels of the airway (P < 0.0001). The Portex (R) Soft Seal (TM) was not different above the larynx but was significantly statistically inferior at (P < 0.04) and below the larynx (P < 0.006) and inferior overall (P < 0.007). Boss Systems single-use laryngeal mask was as effective as the cLMA (TM).

Conclusion:

In this trial, PVC single-use laryngeal masks were inferior to the silicone cLMA (TM) and Boss Systems laryngeal masks for flexible bronchoscopy in children.”
“P>Background:

Insertion of a flexible laryngeal mask airway (FLMA) is more difficult and therefore might result in a higher risk for trauma to the upper airway. To facilitate the insertion of FLMA, the use of an introducer device (Portex Limited, Hythe, Kent, UK) was promoted. However, the impact of the use of this device on the occurrence of postoperative sore throat is unknown.