uk/Software/Pfam/) (Finn et al., 2010). The gene name according to the bacterial polysaccharide gene nomenclature system (Reeves et al., 1996) (www.microbio.usyd.edu.au/BPGD) was also listed for HGs. The phylogenetic trees for the 15 serotype cps locus were generated by the neighbour-joining method using the program mega (version 4) (Tamura et al., 2007). Visual representation of

the alignments using nucleotide Selleckchem Ganetespib similarities (tblastx) of the cps locus were performed with the Artemis Comparison Tool (ACT) (Carver et al., 2005). The nucleic acid or translated proteins were compared with those in GenBank database by the blast network service (http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi). The cps loci of the 13 S. suis serotypes was amplified and sequenced. The length of the amplicons amplified by P1 and P2 is about 7 kb. The length of the amplicons amplified by P3 and P4 (P5 and P6) ranged from 11 to 28 kb. The sequence of the two fragments in each serotype was assembled as one containing the entire cps locus. For S. suis serotypes 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14, 19, 23, 25 and 1/2, sequences of 26 419, 24 251, 26 593, 29 167, 26 574, 18 592, 24 015, 25 729, 32 787, 30 791, 26 905, 18 672, and 35 174 bp were obtained, respectively. The DNA sequences were deposited in GenBank under accession numbers JF273644–JF273656. Genes included in the cps locus are orientated in the same direction. The promoters of all loci are located in orfY and orfX at the

5′ end of the cps locus. The number of orfs in the transcription units related to CPS synthesis ranges from 14 to 29 (Figs 1 and 2, Table 1). The general organization http://www.selleckchem.com/products/blz945.html of the 13 new clusters is similar to that of S. suis serotype 2 and 16 cps clusters. The length and G + C content of the 15 serotypes cps locus are listed in Table 1. All of the 15 known cps loci are located on the chromosome between orfZ and aroA, with a cassette-like structure: type-specific genes are flanked by conserved genes common to most gene clusters.

This type of cps cluster is also found in other streptococcus species (Wessels, 1997), including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus agalactiae Glutamate dehydrogenase and Streptococcus thermophilus. Although the aroA gene is conserved in all serotypes, the other sequence at the 3′ end of the cps locus is quite different. The site of the terminator and the sequence of the flanking genes are different among the serotypes, resulting in the different length of the flanking genes at the 3′ end of the cps locus (Figs 1 and 2). The 15 cps loci fall into two genetic groups using the neighbour-joining method with the program mega (groups 1 and 2, Figs 1 and 2). The biosynthesis of CPS is a complex enzymatic pathway formed by the regulatory proteins, glycosyltransferase (GT), polymerization, flippase and other transferases expressed by the genes contained in the cps locus (Roberts, 1996). Functional designations were assigned to the products of the 281 predicted coding sequences in the 15 cps regions.