Some previous studies proposed prediction factors or established prediction models for

outcome prediction. However, most of these studies focused on overall clinical outcome [13, 14, 18, 20]. No study has specifically emphasized the cause of death after hemostasis was achieved. These studies may be lacking due to the difficulty of performing these studies that assess DCL. Due to the improvement XAV-939 in vivo of non-operative treatment for abdominal trauma, especially for solid organ injury with internal hemorrhage, laparotomy is now not the only treatment option. This progress has made collecting suitable subjects difficult. In addition, heterogeneity has also been a big hurdle for analysis. Furthermore, a prospective study is likely impossible

in this critical situation. Together, these unfavorable factors have contributed to the lack of high quality studies on this topic. In our study, we tried to eliminate the heterogeneity by enrolling only Selleckchem Volasertib patients who were sent to the OR directly from the ED and who were injured within 6 hours of admission. In addition, we also eliminated patients who underwent DCL at another hospital and were then transferred to our hospital. However, we were still unable to obtain enough subjects for delicate statistical analyses, even when we attempted to use stringent rules by applying non-parametric analyses. GSK621 cost Further, the multivariable analysis could not identify any independent risk factor because of the small size of the study sample. Finally, the studied subjects were observed over a 10-year period, and the impact of new medical and surgical progress may not be totally ignored. Conclusions According to our study, the risk factors of late death for patients undergoing DCL may include both the initial status related to the trauma and the clinical conditions after DCL. In our series, the causes of death for patients see more with late mortality included

an initial brain insult and later infectious complications. However, our study was unable to identify independent and statistically significant risk factors by multivariable analysis. The collection of more study subjects should be considered for future in depth analyses. Acknowledgments The authors thank the trauma registration database of CGMH and database managers Chun-Ju Chen, Fen-Ping, Kao, and Hui-Chen Tien for their help. References 1. Waibel BH, Rotondo MF: Damage control in trauma and abdominal sepsis. Crit Care Med 2010, 38:S421-S430.PubMedCrossRef 2. Khan A, Hsee L, Mathur S, Civil I: Damage-control laparotomy in nontrauma patients: review of indications and outcomes. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2013, 75:365–368.PubMedCrossRef 3.