Radio-TLC plate was visualized and radiochemical purity was quantified using luminescence imaging.

Conclusion: Many radionuclides with high energetic beta(+) selleck or beta(-) particles during decay were found to be imaged in luminescence mode due mainly to Cerenkov radiation. ‘Cerenkov imaging’ provides a new optical imaging platform and an invaluable bridge between optical and nuclear imaging. New optical imaging probes could be easily prepared using well-established radioiodination methods. Cerenkov imaging will have more applications in the research field of plant science and autoradiography. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Evolutionary

branching points are a paradigmatic feature of adaptive dynamics, because they are potential starting points for adaptive diversification. The antithesis to evolutionary branching points are continuously stable strategies (CSS’s), which are convergent stable and evolutionarily stable equilibrium points of the adaptive dynamics and hence are thought to represent endpoints of adaptive processes. However, this assessment is based on situations in which the invasion fitness function determining the adaptive dynamics have non-zero second derivatives at CSS. Here we show that the scope of evolutionary branching can increase if the invasion fitness function vanishes to higher than first order at CSS. Using classical Selleck Elafibranor models for frequency-dependent competition,

we show that if the invasion fitness vanishes to higher orders, a CSS may be the starting point for evolutionary branching. Thus, when PND-1186 concentration invasion fitness functions vanish to higher than first order at equilibrium points of the adaptive dynamics, evolutionary diversification can occur even after convergence to an evolutionarily stable strategy. (c) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Introduction: C-kit is an important diagnostic and therapeutic target molecule for several malignancies, and c-kit-targeted drugs have been used clinically. Because abundant c-kit expression in tumors is a prerequisite for successful c-kit-targeted therapy, imaging of c-kit expression is expected to play a pivotal role in the

therapeutic decision for each patient. We evaluated Cu-64-labeled Fab of anti-c-kit antibody 12A8 as a positron emission tomography (PET) imaging probe.

Methods: In-111- or I-125-Labeled 12A8 Fab was evaluated in vitro by cell binding, competitive inhibition and cellular internalization assays, and in vivo by biodistribution in mice bearing c-kit-expressing and -non-expressing tumors. Next, Fab fragment was labeled with the positron emitter Cu-64 and evaluated by PET.

Results: Radiolabeled 12A8 Fab showed specific binding to c-kit-expressing cells with high affinity and internalized into cells after binding to c-kit on cell surface. Although tumor accumulation of[In-111]Fab was lower than that of[In-111]IgG, the faster blood clearance of [In-111]Fab provided higher tumor-to-blood ratio at 6 h postinjection onwards.