The six-factor model was a discovery from the exploratory factor analysis. A 7-factor model emerging from the South African Stress and Health survey, as judged by confirmatory factor analyses of three models, displayed the most appropriate fit, marked by a standardized root mean square residual of .0024, a root mean square error of approximation of .0029, and a comparative fit index of .910. The LEC-5 exhibits compelling psychometric features and is fit for purpose in capturing trauma exposure within South Africa.

Investigations into post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD, categorized under the ICD-11, have often utilized the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ). The cross-cultural applicability of the ITQ, concerning the consistent functioning of items and the equal meaning of scores across various languages, has not been previously examined using the framework of item response theory. Utilizing Rasch and graphical log-linear Rasch models, the study found strong local dependence among items within the same symptom clusters in the PTSD and DSO scales, with the exception of those assessing affective dysregulation. A subtle, weak local connection was discovered between an item from the affective dysregulation cluster and an item associated with disturbed relationships. No evidence indicated a connection between DIF and language/interpreter support was found. Gender and the duration following the traumatic event were factors associated with differential item functioning (DIF) for two PTSD items. Scale targeting for the study population was not up to par. Considering the various subgroups, reliability estimates fluctuated within the interval of 0.55 to 0.78. Despite variations in assisted administration, the PTSD and DSO scales display consistent psychometric properties across Danish, Arabic, and Bosnian language versions. Across these groupings, the scores are comparable in nature. Nonetheless, the differential item functioning of the measure, in terms of gender and time since the trauma, results in considerable measurement bias. To ensure unbiased measurement, DIF-adjusted summed scale scores or estimated person parameters should be employed. Subsequent studies should explore the potential benefits of utilizing measurement instruments featuring an expanded inventory of items, potentially requiring a higher level of PTSD and DSO symptom endorsement, in order to enhance the precision of diagnosis and treatment targeting for refugee populations.

The emotional bonding patterns observed in battered women, as analyzed by Painter and Dutton in their work on traumatic bonding, are central to the understanding of Stockholm syndrome. The theoretical framework, presented in the International Journal of Women's Studies (1985; 8(4), 363-375), that trauma survivors could have powerful emotional attachments to their abusers, has influenced mainstream culture, legal systems, and certain clinical practices. The reported 'positive bond' between certain kidnap victims and their captors has frequently been explained using this framework, despite lacking substantial empirical evidence. The use of this method is evident in scenarios where interpersonal violence and mind control are observed, often with clear power imbalances, including child sexual abuse, intimate partner violence, human trafficking, and hostage situations. Polyvagal Theory highlights how survivors might appear emotionally entangled with perpetrators as a necessary survival tactic to manage life-threatening situations by easing the perpetrator's anxiety. Individuals and families can operationalize their survival through understanding the potent reflexive neurobiological survival mechanisms embedded within appeasement, fostering resilience, promoting long-term recovery, and normalizing coping strategies as survival methods.

Adolescent suicide rates represent a significant global public health crisis. Despite the established link between childhood abuse and suicidal behavior, the specific mediating factors in this association are not presently clear. The sample included 1607 adolescents, hailing from four high schools in the heartland of China. The influence of school connectedness and psychological resilience as mediators on the connection between childhood abuse and suicidal ideation was explored via structural equation modeling (SEM). Results An alarming 219% of individuals reported experiencing suicidal ideation in the past week. The presence of childhood abuse positively impacted suicidal ideation development, with this impact amplified by factors including, but not limited to, school connectedness and psychological resilience. ReACp53 datasheet School connectedness and psychological resilience partially mediated the effects of emotional, physical, and sexual abuse, when the individual types were investigated. The potential for suicidal ideation arising from childhood abuse could be reduced through the development of psychological resilience and strong school connections. Improved psychological resilience and strengthened school ties are key findings, particularly relevant for suicide prevention among Chinese adolescents who experienced childhood abuse.

To assess post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD), the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) is a standardized and validated instrument that adheres to the diagnostic criteria outlined in the 11th edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). While this instrument's reach extends to 25 languages, its utility within the Afghan community, remains undetermined, requiring Dari translation and validation. The factorial structure and psychometric properties of the Dari ITQ were evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), bivariate correlations, and multivariate regression techniques. CFA results demonstrated that the two-factor second-order model, composed of PTSD and disturbances in self-organization (DSO), provided the optimal representation of the observed data. The model's psychometric efficacy in the Dari ITQ setting was supported by high factor loadings and a highly reliable internal structure. The Dari ITQ exhibited satisfactory concurrent, convergent, and discriminant validity, as the conclusion indicates. The Dari ITQ, in this study, demonstrates statistical validity and cultural sensitivity in identifying ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD symptoms among Afghan asylum seekers and refugees.

Adolescents face elevated risks of substance abuse, sexual assault, and risky sexual behaviors, yet presently, no unified prevention programs address all these intertwined perils. ReACp53 datasheet This study aimed to assess the practicality and receptiveness of Teen Well Check, an e-health prevention program designed for adolescents in primary care, focusing on substance use, sexual assault, and sexual risk. The current study's intervention development process included a content analysis of interviews with adolescents (aged 14-18; n=25) in primary care. Further, the intervention refinement phase involved usability and acceptability testing through qualitative interviews with adolescents (aged 14-18; n=10) in primary care and pediatric primary care providers (n=11). ReACp53 datasheet Data collection concentrated within the Southeastern United States. The Teen Well Check feedback procedure touched upon content, engagement and interaction, language and tone, aesthetic quality, practical matters, inclusivity, parental/guardian themes, and the deployment of personal accounts. Providers expressed a high degree of confidence in applying this intervention (51 out of 70), and a favorable inclination towards recommending it to adolescents (54 out of 70). This preliminary data suggests the usability and acceptability of Teen Well Check. A randomized clinical trial is indispensable for measuring efficacy.

Healthcare workers (HCWs) face significant health challenges, including burnout, depression, and PTSD, as a direct consequence of stressful events during the pandemic. In the three years following the commencement of the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers actively engaged on the frontlines experienced an elevated susceptibility to high levels of stress, anxiety, depression, burnout, and post-traumatic stress disorder. In the realm of potential psychological interventions, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a structured, strongly advised therapy, known for its efficacy in the reduction of PTSD symptoms and anxiety. The cohort study included healthcare workers (HCWs) who participated in the trial. These HCWs displayed significant symptoms in at least one psychological domain (depression, burnout, or PTSD) at baseline, three months, or six months, as determined using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the ProQOL scale, and the PTSD Checklist for the DSM-5 (PCL-5). Twelve separate EMDR sessions, led by a certified therapist, comprise the intervention. In the control group, usual care procedures are followed. Randomization to six-month follow-up marks the period over which the trial monitors changes in depression, burnout, and PTSD scores. For twelve months, all participants are monitored and tracked. Conclusions. Using empirical data, this study explores the mental health strain placed on healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic and assesses EMDR's effectiveness as a psychological intervention. Trial registration: NCT04570202.

Childhood maltreatment (CM) can disrupt the maturation of behavioral and physiological systems, thereby escalating the likelihood of detrimental physical and psychological consequences throughout the entire lifespan. Interpersonal dysfunctions, stemming from CM, can hinder social communication and disrupt autonomic nervous system activation. A comprehensive examination of the long-term consequences of CM was undertaken, incorporating concurrent analyses of psychological symptoms, communicative behaviors and social interactions, and physiological regulation. Using videotaped interviews, the Ethological Coding System for Interviews was used to evaluate non-verbal behavior, while tonic heart rate variability (HRV) was used to measure physiological adaptability in participants.