Methods: Three independent investigators comprehensively reviewed the literature using Medline from 1960, Web selleck inhibitor of Science from 1980, and Scopus from 1960. All searches were done through December 2009. Selected cohort studies were used to evaluate associations between new-onset atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting or coronary bypass plus valve and short-term mortality (defined as 30-day or in-hospital mortality) and long-term mortality (defined as mortality >=

6 months). We excluded studies involving atrial flutter, off-pump coronary bypass, and isolated valve surgery. Heterogeneity among studies was accounted for by metaanalysis with random-effects models.

Results: Eleven studies (n = 40,112) met our inclusion criteria. New-onset atrial fibrillation was associated with higher short-term mortality (3.6% vs 1.9%; odds ratio [OR], 2.29; 95% confidence

interval [CI], 1.74-3.01; P < .00001; heterogeneity of effects, P = .002). Mortality ATM inhibitor risks at 1 year and 4 years were 2.56 (95% CI, 2.14-3.08) and 2.19 (95% CI, 1.97-2.45; P < .0001), respectively. Older age, lower ejection fraction, history of hypertension, heart failure, prior stroke, peripheral arterial disease, and longer cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic clamp times were associated with new-onset atrial fibrillation. Preoperative use of beta-blockers reduced occurrence of new-onset atrial fibrillation (OR, 0.94 [95% CI, 0.88-1.01; P = .08]), whereas angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors increased it (OR, 1.20 [95% CI, 1.11-1.29], P < .00001).

Conclusions: New-onset atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting appears to increase short-and Avapritinib long-term mortality. Preoperative use of beta-blockers, avoidance of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and shorter cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic clamp

times potentially reduce occurrence of new-onset atrial fibrillation. (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2011;141:1305-12)”
“Purpose: A variety of electrical nerve stimulation methods has been used through the years to treat lower urinary tract dysfunction. Relevant literature was reviewed to analyze techniques and available biomedical devices, technique applicability, indications and usefulness in pediatrics.

Materials and Methods: An extensive search was performed on PubMed (R) and MEDLINE (R) for scientific publications on intravesical, transcutaneous, sacral spine and root, and tibial nerve stimulation in children with lower urinary tract dysfunction of nonneurogenic and neurogenic origin. Relevant articles and controlled studies in adult patients were also considered. The search covered the period 1990 to 2009 and we found approximately 400 articles, of which 29 related to pediatrics.