HN, KM and SI were the supervisors of the research. All authors read and approved the

final manuscript.”
“Background Graphene Transmembrane Transporters activator is a single layer of carbon atoms ordered in a two-dimensional hexagonal lattice. In the literature, it is possible to find different experimental techniques in order to obtain graphene such as mechanical peeling, epitaxial growth or assembled by atomic manipulation of carbon monoxide molecules over a conventional two-dimensional electron system at a copper surface [1–4]. The physical properties of this crystal have been studied over the last 70 years; however, the recent experimental breakthroughs have revealed that there are still a lot of open questions, such as time-dependent SP600125 transport properties of graphene-based heterostructures, the thermoelectric and thermal transport properties of graphene-based systems in the presence of external perturbations, the thermal transport properties of graphene under time-dependent gradients of temperatures, etc. On the other hand, graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are quasi one-dimensional systems based

on graphene which can be obtained by different experimental techniques [5–8]. The electronic behaviour of these nanostructures is determined by their geometric confinement which allows the observation of quantum effects. The controlled manipulation of these effects, by applying external perturbations to the nanostructures or by modifying the geometrical confinement [9–13], could be used to develop buy PX-478 new technological applications, such as graphene-based composite materials [14], molecular sensor devices [15–17] and

nanotransistors [18]. One important aspect of the transport properties of these quasi one-dimensional systems is the resonant tunneling behaviour which, for certain configurations of conductors or external perturbations, appears into the system. It is has been reported that in S- and U-shaped ribbons, and due to quasi-bound states present in the heterostructure, it is possible to obtain a rich structure cAMP of resonant tunneling peaks by tuning through the modification of the geometrical confinement of the heterostructure [19]. Another way to obtain resonant tunneling in graphene is considering a nanoring structure in the presence of external magnetic field. It has been reported that these annular structures present resonance in the conductance at defined energies, which can be tuned by gate potentials, the intensity of the magnetic field or by modifying their geometry [20]. From the experimental side, the literature shows the possibility of modulating the transport response as a function of the intensity of the external magnetic field. In some configuration of gate potential applied to the rings, it has been observed that the Aharonov-Bohm oscillations have good resolution [21–23].