Gigerenzer & D. G. Goldstein, 1996). These heuristics were purported to provide psychologically plausible cognitive

process models that describe a variety of judgment behavior. In this article, the authors evaluate the psychological plausibility of the assumptions upon which PMM were built and, consequently, the psychological plausibility of several of the fast and frugal heuristics. The authors argue that many of PMM theory’s assumptions are questionable, given available data, and that fast and frugal heuristics are, in fact, psychologically see more implausible.”
“Over the course of language acquisition, the brain becomes specialized in the perception of native language speech sounds or phonemes. As a result, adult speakers are highly efficient at processing their native language, but may struggle to perceive some non-native phonemes. This specialization is thought to arise from changes that occur in a person’s brain as a result of maturation and language experience. In this study, adult native speakers of English were asked to Anlotinib discriminate between phonemes of varying degrees of difference

from English (similar to English: Tagalog /na/-/Fa/; different from English: Ndebele /k parallel to i/-/k!i/), as their brain activity was measured using functional near infrared spectroscopy imaging. The left inferior frontal region showed activation only during the native condition; this finding is discussed in the context of developmental and adult neuroimaging work and suggests that the left inferior frontal region is critical for perceiving native phoneme contrasts during development Stattic in vivo and in adulthood.

NeuroReport 22:947-950 (C) 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.”
“This study investigated luminance and texture-defined spatial information processing in normal aging using an adapted Landolt-C technique. Sensitivity to C-target stimuli (optotypes) was measured for four age groups: 18-34, 35-49, 50-64, and 65+ years. Participants indicated optotype gap-opening orientations (up, down, left, or right) at different levels of luminance or texture contrast. Although sensitivity did not differ across age group for the luminance-defined optotypes, sensitivity for texture-defined optotypes for the 65+ years age group was significantly decreased relative to that of the youngest group (18-34 years). Results suggest that age-related changes in visual function can be dissociated at different levels of processing, and may be better defined using stimuli that necessarily depend on higher levels of neural functioning to be perceived. NeuroReport 22: 951-955 (C) 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.