For adoptive transfer, LNC were cultured in 24-well plates at a concentration of 4×106 cells/mL of complete RPMI medium containing

5% heat-inactivated FBS, 1 mM Obeticholic Acid molecular weight sodium pyruvate, L-glutamine, 2ME, NEAA, Pen-strep, and 25 mM HEPES buffer. For adoptive transfer of ER-β−/− or WT DC and non-DC mixture, LNC obtained from ER-β−/− or WT mice were first separated by flow cytometry cell sorting (see Cell Sorting and RT-PCR). Subsequently, WT non-DC were cultured with 3% ER-β−/− or WT DC. Cells were stimulated with 25 μg/mL MOG, amino acids 35–55, and 20 ng/mL recombinant mouse IL-12 (BD Biosciences and Biolegend) for 72 h at 37°C, 5% CO2. On the third day of culture, LNC were washed with 1× PBS and each animal received 3×106 cells in 0.3 mL ice-cold injection-grade 1× PBS by i.p. injection. Animals were monitored daily for EAE signs based on a standard EAE 0–5 scale scoring system: 0—healthy, 1—complete loss of tail tonicity, 2—loss of righting reflex, 3—partial paralysis, 4—complete paralysis of one or buy BGB324 both hind limbs, and 5—moribund. To isolate mononuclear cells from the brain and spinal cord, animals were deeply anesthetized with isoflurane and perfused transcardially with ice-cold 1× PBS for 20–30 min. Brains were dissected and spinal cords were flushed with 1× PBS into complete RPMI medium (Lonza). CNS tissues

from each group (n=7) were pooled to achieve a sufficient amount of immune cells for in vitro cell culture or flow cytometric analysis. CNS tissues were digested with Liberase Blendzyme I (Roche Applied Science), DNaseI (Invitrogen), and 1 mM MgCl2 (Sigma) in HBSS for 30 min at 37°C, then passed through a wire mesh screen, followed by 100, 70, and 40 μm nylon cell strainers to obtain single cell suspensions. Cells were washed in complete RPMI medium and suspended in 50% Percoll (GE Healthcare Biosciences) medium in HBSS. Mononuclear cells were collected at the 63:50% interface of a 63:50:30% Percoll step gradient following 30 min centrifugation at 1800 rpm at 4°C. Inguinal and axillary LN and spleens were Acyl CoA dehydrogenase passed through a wire mesh, followed by 70 and 40 μm nylon cell strainers. To remove erythrocytes, splenocytes were suspended in complete RPMI

medium, overlaid at 1:1 ratio onto Lymphoprep (Accurate Chemical) medium and mononuclear cells were collected at the Lymphoprep/RPMI interface following 30 min centrifugation at 1200 rpm in 4°C. CD11c+ DC were isolated from the CNS of 20 mice ten days post-immunization with 200 μg MOG, amino acids 35–55, in complete Freund’s adjuvant. These mice had been treated in vivo with either ER-β ligand or vehicle beginning 7 days prior to immunization. Another group of ten untreated mice were also immunized with MOG 35–55 and LNC sorted for CD3+ TC. Subsequently, cells were co-cultured in 96-well plates for 96 h at 37°C, 5% CO2 in the presence of 25 μg/mL MOG, amino acids 35–55, at ratios of 1:5, 1:20, and 1:50 DC/TC, with each well containing 1×105 TC.