FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2004,48(2):437–446.PubMed 6. Lay C, Rigottier-Gois L, Holmstrøm K, Rajilić M, Vaughan EE, de GDC 0032 Vos WM, Collins MD, Thiel R, Namsolleck P, Blaut M, Doré J: Colonic microbiota signatures across five northern European countries. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005,71(7):4153–4155.CrossRefPubMed 7. Mueller S, Saunier K, Hanisch C, Norin E, Alm L, Midtvedt T,

Cresci A, Silvi S, Orpianesi C, Verdenelli MC, Clavel T, Koebnick C, Zunft HJ, Doré J, Blaut M: Differences in fecal microbiota in different European study populations in relation to age, gender, and Country: a cross-sectional study. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006,72(2):1027–1033.CrossRefPubMed 8. Khachatryan ZA, Ktsoyan ZA, Pevonedistat supplier Manukyan GP, Kelly D, Ghazaryan KA, Aminov RI: Predominant role of host genetics in controlling the composition of gut microbiota. PLoS ONE 2008,3(8):e3064.CrossRefPubMed 9. Ley RE, Hamady M, Lozupone C, Turnbaugh PJ, Ramey RR, Bircher JS, Schlegel ML, Tucker TA, Schrenzel MD, Knight R, Gordon JI: Evolution of mammals and their gut microbes. Science 2008,320(5883):1647–1651.CrossRefPubMed 10. Kajander K, Myllyluoma E, Rajilić-Stojanović M, Kyrönpalo S, Rasmussen M, Järvenpää S, Zoetendal EG, de Vos WM, Vapaatalo H, Korpela

R: Clinical trial: multispecies probiotic supplementation alleviates the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome and stabilizes intestinal microbiota. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2008,27(1):48–57.CrossRefPubMed 11. Manichanh C, Rigottier-Gois L, Bonnaud E, Gloux K, Pelletier E, Frangeul L, Nalin R, Jarrin C, Chardon P, Marteau P, Roca J, Doré J: Reduced diversity

of faecal microbiota in Crohn’s disease revealed by a metagenomic approach. Gut 2006,55(2):205–211.CrossRefPubMed 12. Dethlefsen L, Huse S, Sogin ML, Relman DA: The Pervasive Effects of an Antibiotic on the Human Gut Microbiota, as Revealed by Deep 16S rRNA Sequencing. PLoS Biol 2008,6(11):e280.CrossRefPubMed 13. Salonen A, Palva A, de Vos WM: Microbial functionality in the human intestinal tract. Front Biosci 2009, 14:3074–3084.CrossRefPubMed 14. Gill SR, Pop M, Deboy RT, Eckburg PB, Turnbaugh PJ, Samuel BS, Gordon JI, Relman DA, Fraser-Liggett CM, Nelson KE: Metagenomic analysis of the human distal gut microbiome. Science Y-27632 2HCl 2006,312(5778):1355–1359.CrossRefPubMed 15. Kurokawa K, Itoh T, Kuwahara T, Oshima K, Toh H, Toyoda A, Takami H, Morita H, Sharma VK, Srivastava TP, Taylor TD, Noguchi H, Mori H, Ogura Y, Ehrlich DS, Itoh K, Takagi T, Sakaki Y, Hayashi T, Hattori M: Comparative metagenomics revealed commonly enriched gene sets in human gut microbiomes. DNA Res 2007,14(4):169–181.CrossRefPubMed 16. Andersson AF, Lindberg M, Jakobsson H, Bäckhed F, Nyrén P, Engstrand L: Comparative analysis of human gut microbiota by barcoded pyrosequencing. PLoS ONE 2008,3(7):e2836.CrossRefPubMed 17.