Dialysate samples were thawed and immediately analyzed for DA and its metabolites, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA), using HPLC with electrochemical detection. The samples were loaded through manual injection ports (Reodyn 7125;

20-μL loop) onto C-18 reverse-phase columns (5 μm, 15 cm; Higgins Analytical, Mountain View, CA, USA). DA and its metabolites were measured on separate independent channels with dual-channel ESA coulometric detectors (Coulochem III, Waltham, MA, USA; with a 5011 model analytical cell) for reduction and/or oxidation currents. Mobile phase was circulated through at a flow rate of 1.1 mL/min by Waters 515 HPLC pumps (Waters, QC, Canada), and buy Trichostatin A consisted of: 20% acetonitrile, 40 mL; sodium dodecyl sulphate, 0.076 M; EDTA, 0.1 M; NaPO4, 0.058 M; and citric acid, 0.27 M; selleck chemical pH 3.35. Known amounts of standard DA and its metabolites (concentrations: DA, 0.384 pg/μL; DOPAC,

90 pg/μL; HVA, 90 pg/μL; Sigma–Aldrich) were used to calibrate the system using estimates from peak heights by comparison with standard injections. Extracellular levels of DA (elution time ~6.5 min) and its metabolites (DOPAC elution time, ~2.25 min; HVA elution time, ~ 3.7 min) were analyzed using the ezchrom Chromatography Software Data system (Scientific Software, San Ramon, CA, USA). Following the final AMPH challenge, rats were decapitated and brains were removed and flash-frozen for later histology, while blood was collected from a subset of rats (n = 14) to determine Methamphetamine circulating E2 levels. Blood was stored on ice and immediately centrifuged. Plasma was then collected and stored at −20 °C until assayed. E2 was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit

(Life Technologies, Frederick, MD, USA). The assay antibodies have 100% cross-reactivity with E2 and 0.2% and 0.05% cross-reactivity with estrone and estriol, respectively. The range of the assay is between 0 and 2000 pg/mL and the reported inter-assay variation is 7–9%. Brains were sliced along the coronal plane at 40 μm using a cryostat. Sections were mounted onto glass slides and stained with Cresyl Violet to confirm probe placements. Samaha et al. (2007) showed that during a 12-day chronic HAL treatment regimen, male rats respond to the locomotor activity-reducing effects of HAL in response to AMPH by day 2 but this effect disappears by day 12. To examine whether this effect is similar in females and whether E2 levels might influence it, here day 2 HAL treatment was compared to day 12 in both SEN and NON females with either high or low E2 replacement. Spontaneous activity was expressed as total moving time during 5-minute bins following AMPH. Data were analyzed using eight-two-way mixed anovas, comparing SE, Se, HE and He on days 2 and 12 into treatment for both SEN and NON groups. Between-subjects factors were day (2, 12) and time following AMPH injection served as within-subject factor.