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“Objective To determine whether a combination modified-live bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) vaccine could stimulate protective
immunity in young BRSV-seropositive calves following intranasal administration and determine the duration of clinical immunity.
Design-Controlled challenge study.
Animals-84 dairy calves (3 to 11 days old).
Procedures-Responses to BRSV challenge of seronegative calves vaccinated under licensing trial conditions were compared with those of seropositive GDC941 calves 2 times after vaccination. In experiment 1, young BRSV-seronegative calves were vaccinated intranasally with a minimum immunizing dose of BRSV and challenged with BRSV approximately
7 weeks later. In experiments 2 and 3, young BRSV-seropositive calves were vaccinated intranasally with a commercially available combination modified-live virus vaccine AMN-107 in vitro containing the commercial dose of the BRSV fraction and challenged with BRSV 9 weeks or approximately 14 weeks later, respectively.
Results-In experiments 1 and 2, BRSV-vaccinated calves had significantly higher Pao(2), significantly fewer lung lesions, and significantly lower mortality rate than did unvaccinated calves subsequent to BRSV challenge. In contrast, in experiment 3, there were no differences in Pao2, lung lesions, or mortality rate between vaccinated and control calves after BRSV challenge approximately 14 weeks after vaccination. Protected calves in experiment 1 consistently had significant anamnestic mucosal and systemic antibody responses after challenge, whereas in experiments CBL0137 clinical trial 2 and 3, antibody responses after challenge were more variable.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-A combination BRSV vaccine administered intranasally to young calves induced protective immunity in the presence of maternal antibodies. The duration of immune responses induced by intranasal vaccination was short (<= 4 months). Boosting immunity iatrogenically, or by natural exposure, is probably required to obtain optimal responses to neonatal intranasal vaccination.”
“Study Design. Case report.
Objective.
To describe a novel technique to remove anterior instrumentation from a posterior approach while performing posterior-based osteotomies for spinal deformities.
Summary of Background Data. Posterior-based osteotomies such as pedicle subtraction osteotomies (PSOs) and vertebral column resections are performed to restore sagittal alignment. The removal of previously placed anterior implants at the desired osteotomy level can often be challenging. We propose a technique for the removal of anterior instrumentation through a posterior approach to facilitate osteotomy closure and deformity correction, while avoiding the need for an anterior incision.
Methods. A 34-year-old woman presented with a residual deformity after several anterior and posterior procedures.