Basal biliary cholesterol secretion in Abcg5−/− mice was 72% lowe

Basal biliary cholesterol secretion in Abcg5−/− mice was 72% lower than in Abcg5+/+ mice. T3 treatment increased cholesterol secretion 3.1-fold in Abcg5+/+ mice, whereas this response was severely blunted in Abcg5−/− mice. In contrast, biliary cholesterol Adriamycin manufacturer secretion in T3-treated Lxra+/+

and Lxra−/− mice was increased 3.5- and 2.6-fold, respectively, and did not differ significantly. Conclusions: TH-induced secretion of cholesterol into bile is largely dependent on an intact ABCG5/G8 transporter complex, whereas LXRa is not critical for this effect. (HEPATOLOGY 2012;56:1828–1837) “
“Acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is underdiagnosed because most patients are asymptomatic. The majority of new infections occur among people who inject drugs (PWID), many of whom have a history of incarceration. In a previous pilot study, we identified symptomatic HCV cases, mainly among Caucasian inmates. We designed a cross-sectional study to evaluate whether risk factor–based screening of newly incarcerated inmates would enhance identification of asymptomatic acute HCV infection and elucidate any demographic shifts in HCV acquisition. From October 2006 to March 2008, 6,342 inmates underwent check details health assessments and 3,470 inmates (55%) were screened. The racial distribution was as follows: African American, 24.0%; Caucasian, 49.5%; Hispanic, 22.2%. One hundred seventy-one inmates (4.9%) were classified as

high-risk. After further evaluation, 35 (20.5%) inmates were diagnosed with acute HCV with a mean age of 29 years; 62.9% were female and 91% were Caucasian. No African Americans were diagnosed with acute HCV. Our case-finding rate was 1.9 patients/month nearly a three-fold increase compared

with our historical control period with a higher proportion of asymptomatic cases. We estimate Cytidine deaminase a prevalence of ∼1.0% (95% confidence interval, 0.7%-1.4%) of acute HCV infections among newly incarcerated inmates. Conclusion: Within the correctional system, systematic screening based on risk factors successfully identifies acute HCV infection among PWID, including asymptomatic patients. Our data also reflect changing nationwide patterns of injection drug use that vary by age, ethnicity, and race, leading to a marked reduction of acute HCV infections among African Americans compared with non-Hispanic whites. The nationwide implementation of this simple low-cost strategy in prison-based settings could identify more than 7,000 acute HCV infections among PWID, provide insight into changing epidemiologic trends, and facilitate appropriate therapeutic and preventive interventions. (HEPATOLOGY 2013) Most people who inject drugs (PWID) acquire hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection within the first years of unsafe injection practices.1, 2 National surveillance data demonstrate that PWID account for 46% of symptomatic acute HCV infections in the United States.

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