) and it Trichostatin A stands to reason that if the effect exists before the cause of an action, the action is predictable. Using this analogy, when the effects achieved through intentional action are clear and unambiguous, the agent is consequently predisposed to accept and further interpret the incoming stimulus in a conditioned, non-free state, though perceiving an inner freedom from the causes. An analogy may be drawn between these deductions and the hypothesis of “the brain’s resting state” made by Northoff (2012). He retrieved Kant’s hypothesis on specific intrinsic features of the mind that enabled

the correct interpretation of the information delivered by an external stimulus. This ability of the mind may be dependent on the early onset of an intimate relationship between the mind and stimulus (readiness which may be described in operational terms

as resting-state activity). Subsequent action is spontaneous and independent of the stimulus. The awakening of the agent’s consciousness during action performance is made possible by at least two different mechanisms. check details It has been known for more than a century that the brain generates its own electromagnetic field. This phenomenon is widely used in EEG, MEG and TMS. This, in conjunction with the evolution in field theories which were first introduced in Gestalt psychology, inspired McFadden who elaborated the “conscious electromagnetic field theory” (CEMI). As reported in several Methane monooxygenase papers (McFadden, 2002a, McFadden, 2002b and McFadden, 2006), CEMI

is based on the idea that the combined firing of all the neurons in the brain generates a complex electromagnetic field which may induce a self-regulation of their activity. According to the theory, consciousness can be understood as an electromagnetic phenomenon produced by brain activity. The CEMI theory provides a realistic physical model that accounts for the subjective difference between conscious and unconscious mental processing. McFadden (McFadden, 2006) examines several clues to nature and argues that the CEMI might provide a solution to all of them. For instance McFadden claims that we experience the influence of the CEMI field as FW. That is why willed actions feel so different from automatic actions: they are the effects of the CEMI field functioning as the inner cause. To this regard he argues that: “ …although like modern cognitive theory the CEMI theory views conscious will as a deterministic influence on our actions, unlike most cognitive theories it does at least provide a physically active role for will in driving our conscious actions…Our awareness (the global CEMI field) plays a causal role in determining our conscious actions”. By attributing a deterministic role in guiding purposeful actions to will, he claims the old Cartesian mind–body dualism has been resolved and a new matter-energy dualism has replaced it.