After see more acute ethanol administration in doses of 1.0; 2.0 and 4.0g/kg, i.p., the simple (WHP) or inverse (WLP and Wistar) relationship between alcohol concentration and both form of ghrelin levels in plasma were found. Chronic alcohol intake in all groups of rats led to decrease of acylated ghrelin concentration. PR and WHP rats, after chronic alcohol drinking, had lower levels of both form of ghrelin in comparison with NP and WLP rats, respectively, and the observed differences in ghrelin levels were in inverse relationship with their alcohol intake. In conclusion,
it is suggested that there is a strong relationship between alcohol administration or intake, ethanol concentration in blood and both active and total ghrelin level in the experimental
animals, and that ghrelin plasma concentration can be a marker of alcohol drinking predisposition.”
“Dexmedetomidine is a highly selective alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that has a sedative effect and has been shown to reduce anesthetic requirements. It also has a sympatholytic effect, which may prove useful when used to blunt the sympathetic surge during intubation and extubation. However, its effects on intraocular pressure, hemodynamic Selleck LY2835219 stability, attenuation of extubation response, and emergence agitation remain unclear for pediatric patients undergoing vitreoretinal surgery. We focused on these effects in this study.
Sixty ASA I-II patients undergoing vitreoretinal surgery, were anesthetized with sevoflurane 1-2% end-tidal concentration in oxygen supplemented by remifentanil 0.2 mu g/kg/min. Intraocular pressure was measured after inhalation of sevoflurane (IOPBaseline) and 10 min after intravenous administration
of dexmedetomidine 0.5 mu g/kg or normal saline (IOP10min), after induction of anesthesia. Blood pressure and heart rate were recorded every Napabucasin 5 min during surgery. The incidence and severity of coughing and emergence agitation and untoward airway events after extubation, for example breath holding, laryngospasm, bronchospasm, and oxygen desaturation, were assessed. Extubation time and emergence time were also documented.
There was no significant difference in intraocular pressure at the two time points between the groups (p > 0.05). In both groups mean arterial pressure and heart rate decreased from baseline after anesthetic induction (p < 0.05). The increase from intraoperative values in mean arterial pressure and heart rate associated with extubation was diminished in the dexmedetomidine group compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Coughing after extubation was less common (10 vs. 21) and less severe (3 moderate and 7 minimal; vs. 2 severe, 7 moderate and 12 minimal) in the dexmedetomidine group than in the control group (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the groups in time to emergence or extubation (p > 0.05).