Administering the Icelandic version of the APS-POQ-R was found to be feasible, and the questionnaire has acceptable construct validity and reliability. The results support the use of the APS-POQ-R-I to evaluate the quality of pain management in hospitals in Iceland. (C) 2014 by the American Society for Pain Management Nursing”
“The lamellar architecture of secondary osteons (Haversian systems) has been studied with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in transverse sections of human cortical bone. Na3PO4 etching

was used to improve the resolution of the interface between neighboring lamellae and the precision of measurements. 3-MA These technical improvements permitted testing of earlier morphometry assumptions concerning lamellar thickness while revealing the existence of different lamellar patterns. The mean lamellar thickness was 9.0 +/- 2.13 mu m, thicker and with a wider range of variation with respect to earlier measurements. The number of lamellae showed a direct correlation with the lamellar bone area, and their thickness had a random distribution for osteonal size classes. The circular, concentrical pattern was the more frequently observed, but spiral and crescent-moon-shaped lamellae were also documented. Selected osteons were examined by either SEM or SEM combined with polarized light microscopy allowing comparisons

of corresponding sectors of the osteon. The bright bands observed with polarized light corresponded to the grooves observed in etched sections by SEM. The dark bands corresponded to the lamellar surface with the cut fibrils oriented approximately Danusertib inhibitor longitudinally along the central canal axis. However, lamellae with large and blurred bright bands learn more could be observed, which did not correspond to a groove observed by SEM. These findings are in contrast with the assumption that all the fibril layers within a lamella are oriented along a constant and unchangeable angle. The different lamellar patterns may be explained by the synchronous or staggered recruitment and activation of osteoblasts committed to the osteon’s completion. Anat Rec, 2012. (C)

2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.”
“Our previous studies demonstrated that BMP-2 inhibits the tumorigenicity of cancer stem cells identified as cells with high aldehyde dehydrogenase activity (ALDH(br) cells) from the human osteosarcoma cell line OS99-1. We further investigated whether BMP-2 is capable of inducing bone formation in OS99-1 cells. Flow cytometry sorting was used to isolate tumorigenic ALDH(br) and non-tumorigenic ALDH(lo) cells. qRT-PCR was used to quantify the gene expression. A xenograft model was used to verify the bone formation in vivo. There was significantly higher mRNA expression of BMPR1B and BMPR2 in ALDH(lo) cells compared with that in ALDH(br) cells and the BMPR1B expression in ALDH(lo) cells was similar to 8-fold higher compared to that in ALDH(br) cells.