, 2011 and Tongdang, 2008). The swelling of granules occurs simultaneously with the loss of birefringence and before solubilisation. The SP is generally influenced by the bond strength between molecules and by the molecular structure of amylopectin. Low SP can be attributed to the presence of various crystals formed by the association between long chains of amylopectin. Increased crystallisation results in higher stability of granules, which reduces the swelling capacity (Singh et al., 2003). The gel of jackfruit seed starch showed lower transmittance with opaque pastes. In starches

from both varieties, transmittance (%) decreased throughout the storage period. The tendency of transparency reduction of starch pastes stored selleckchem under refrigeration is mainly related to their retrogradation. In general, starches with increased retrogradation resistance do not reduce the clarity of their pastes Selleckchem TSA HDAC (Stahl, 2003). According to Craig et al. (1989), opaque pastes show more organised granular structure, with greater association between chains, which hinders the passage of light. Starches with higher amylose content and high retrogradation show opaque and firmer gels (Silva et al., 2006). The characteristics observed for the pastes

formed revealed that the jackfruit seeds starches may be interesting to use in formulation which do not require transparency, such as soups, sauces and creams. Viscosity is one of the most important properties of starchy materials. The viscosity curve represents the behaviour of the starch during heating and allows evaluation of the characteristics of the paste formed by structural modifications of starch molecules and the tendency for retrogradation to occur during cooling (Lustosa, Leonel, Leite, Franco, & Mischan, 2009). The viscoamylograph curves obtained from a Rapid Visco Analyser (RVA) of soft and hard jackfruit seed starch showed that increasing temperatures lead to starch gelatinisation, which increased viscosity due to the swelling of starch granules. The temperature at which granules begin to swell is Leukocyte receptor tyrosine kinase called the pasting

temperature (i.e., the initial gelatinisation temperature when the viscosity curve starts), which was higher for soft jackfruit seed starch (83.15 °C) than hard jackfruit (81.60 °C). Rengsutthi and Charoenrein (2011) studied jackfruit seed starch and found a pasting temperature of 81.58 °C, which was similar to that obtained in this study for hard jackfruit seed starch. The maximum viscosity achieved for hard jackfruit seed starch was higher (2616 cP) than that for soft jackfruit (1716 cP). This result could be related to the higher protein content observed in soft jackfruit seed starch, when compared to the hard variety, which is negatively correlated with maximum viscosity (El-Saied, Ahmed, Roushdi, & El-Attar, 1979).