0 ± 0.1 mm diameter) to separate and settle at the bottom of the calcium chloride layer. The immobilized (40 unbroken beads) and free (40 broken beads) bacteria were added to 5 ml of 0.05 mol/l PBS (pH 6.8) supplemented with 100 μg/ml cholesterol and 100 μg/ml cholesterol plus oxgall (3 mg/ml). After incubation at 42°C for 19 and selleck screening library 48 hr, the samples were centrifuged for 20 min at 10 000 ×g and 1°C. Cholesterol in the supernatant fluid and the percentage of cholesterol removal by immobilized and free bacteria were determined according to a modified method of Gilliland et al. (7), as described above. Forty unbroken and 40 broken beads were added to 5 ml of 0.05 mol/l PBS (pH 6.8) supplemented

with 0 μg/ml and 100 μg/ml cholesterol and 100 μg/ml cholesterol plus oxgall (3 mg/ml) and incubated at 42°C for 19 and 48 hr. After the incubation period, the unbroken beads were also broken, and 100 μl aliquots were taken from both groups. Viable cell selleck chemicals llc counts (cfu/ml) were estimated by plating serial dilutions (10−1–10−8) on MRS agar. Plates were incubated at 42°C for 24 hr. Data analysis was carried out with SPSS Inc. Software (version 15.0; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) bivariate correlation analysis. The Pearson rank order coefficient was determined

for the comparison of cholesterol removal between growing, heat-killed and resting cells and also for the comparison of each strain of EPS production at 0 and 100 μg/ml cholesterol. Experiments were conducted in triplicate. Each value was the mean of all three independent trials. In the present study, we studied cholesterol removal by Lactobacillus bacteria

originated from yoghurt and the effects of EPS on cholesterol removal. Among five strains of L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, B3, G11, and ATCC 11842 had higher EPS production capacity whereas strains B2 and A13 produced less EPS. EPS amounts produced by these strains in MRS Broth Fossariinae are shown in Table 1. All five strains of L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus showed a capacity for removing cholesterol from MRS broth with and without oxgall. The amount of cholesterol removed by the cultures during the 48 hr incubation ranged from 8% to 40% (Table 2). Minimum cholesterol removal was observed in the medium without bile whereas maximum cholesterol removal was determined in the medium supplemented with 1 mg/ml bile. In addition, it was confirmed that in the mediums containing 2 and 3 mg/ml oxgall, cholesterol removal was higher compared to the medium that did not contain oxgall, but it was lower compared to the medium supplemented with 1 mg/ml oxgall. For all the strains used in this study, except B2, higher cholesterol removal was observed during the 19-hr incubation period; however, very little cholesterol was removed after 19 hr (Table 2). However, it was determined that maximum cholesterol removal was exhibited at the end of 48 hr.