Although the current evidence supports a positive link between smoking intensity and the risk of recurrence on NMIBC treated by BCG immunotherapy, additional studies, are needed

before definitive conclusions can be drawn.”
“Purpose of reviewThe purpose of this review was to examine recent studies concerning the use of inferior vena cava (IVC) filters.Recent findingsIn the past 18 months, the American College of Chest Physicians released the 9th edition of their guideline for the prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism. There have also been a number of studies reviewing the use of IVC filters in select populations for the prophylactic prevention buy CX-5461 of pulmonary embolism. Trauma continues to be the leading indication for prophylactic filters in a number of series, but further studies have demonstrated some benefit of prophylactic filters in the bariatric and spine surgery populations. The IVC filter learn more complication rate remains low; however, so does the retrieval rate for potentially removable filters. These retrieval rates are increased with use

of dedicated patient tracking mechanisms. Finally, there have been a number of technology updates in the hardware itself, focusing on strut design.SummaryDespite little change in the society guidelines, the use of vena cava filters (VCFs) continues to rise. Overall, the use of IVC filters, especially in prophylactic situations, will remain controversial until randomized, controlled trials are performed within each specific patient population.”
“Triggering of final oocyte maturation with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) has previously been shown to prevent ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), but at the same time a detrimental effect on clinical outcome parameters was usually

reported. In this prospective, observational, proof-of-concept study, a new protocol was employed, using GnRHa to trigger final oocyte maturation in OHSS high-risk IVF/ICSI patients after co-treatment with GnRH antagonist. The aim was to avoid cycle cancellation in high-risk EPZ5676 manufacturer patients without increasing the risk of early onset OHSS and simultaneously secure the reproductive outcome. Twelve patients with >= 25 follicles >= 11 mm in diameter after ovarian stimulation were prospectively enrolled to have final oocyte maturation triggered with 0.5 mg buserelin s.c., followed by a single bolus of 1500 IU human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) 35 h later to rescue the luteal phase. A mean of 21.5 oocytes was retrieved. All patients underwent embryo transfer, resulting in an ongoing clinical pregnancy rate per cycle of 50% (6/12) and a live birth rate of 50% (6/12). One patient developed moderate, late onset OHSS that did not require hospitalization. GnRHa triggering of final oocyte maturation followed by one bolus of 1500 IU HCG seems to prevent early onset OHSS in high-risk patients and secure the reproductive outcome.