1% of suicide attempters). In a second step, we compared haplotype and gene-gene interaction approaches because both genes are located in the chromosome 11q23 approximately 28 Kbp apart. We did not observe allelic or genotypic associations. Six haplotypes were nominally significant associated with suicide. Gene-gene interaction using Helix Tree software showed two nominally significant interactions reproduced by haplotype association. Likewise, haplotypes composed by the markers included in the best
multidimensional reduction three-locus model were nominally significant. Our results suggest that HTR3A and HTR3B polymorphisms BMS202 in vitro may not play a major role in the susceptibility for suicidal behavior in schizophrenia subjects. Moreover, gene-gene interaction and haplotype association may have consistent results for genes located in the same chromosome. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Purpose:
We assessed C188-9 chemical structure whether renography should be performed routinely following pyeloplasty.
Materials and Methods: We identified the records of all patients undergoing pyeloplasty at our hospital between 1989 and 2005. Patients were eligible for the study if they had undergone preoperative ultrasound and renal scan, and postoperative ultrasound and renal scan within 3 months and 1 year postoperatively, respectively. Patients were excluded if they had associated anomalies or high grade reflux. Postoperative downgrading or decompression of the pelvicaliceal dilatation within the same grade was recorded as “”improved,”" while unchanged or worsening hydronephrosis click here was recorded as “”no improvement.”" All information was obtained from the official radiologist reports rather than from the postoperative surgeon notes. Data obtained from the postoperative renal scan included the presence or absence of obstruction as well as split renal function. We compared
postoperative ultrasound and renal scan, as well as changes between preoperative and postoperative split renal function in patients with a normal contralateral kidney. Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison.
Results: A total of 97 patients who underwent 101 pyeloplasties at a median age of 18 months were eligible for review. Mean +/- SD followup was 4.5 +/- 2 years. Of the 91 kidneys with improvement on postoperative ultrasound 2 (2%) had an obstructive postoperative renal scan, which spontaneously resolved during followup. In contrast, of the 10 kidneys with postoperative ultrasound showing no improvement 4 (40%) had an obstructive renal scan, of which 2 (50%) required a second procedure (p <0.001). Of the 46 kidneys with downgraded hydronephrosis none had an obstructive postoperative renal scan, compared to 6 of 55 (11%) without downgrading (p <0.03).