Moreover, increased interactions between DNA molecules and channel surfaces result in non-Newtonian

flow behavior, even in a dilute DNA molecule solution. When the laminar flow passes through the curved Sotrastaurin research buy channels/ducts, the centrifugal force pushes the fluid from the center of the channel when the bulk fluid flows with high velocity to the outer side, while the fluid at the outer wall is pressed either upwards or downwards, thus producing two vortices to fill the entire channel at a cross section along the downstream [6]. The mean flow velocity and the curvature of the channel can determine the centrifugal force, which is governed by an important dimensionless parameter of Dean number (Dn = Re (d h/R)0.5), including the flow Reynolds number (Re) and the duct hydraulic diameter (d h) to the curvature of the channel/duct (R). Here, the Reynolds number is defined as , where ρ is the solution density, U is the average velocity, μ is the solution viscosity, and is the solution shear rate. Research on shear flow [3, 7, 8] has been conducted in order to model the conformation of DNA molecules for an extended time. These studies PF-01367338 molecular weight reported that the stretching of the DNA molecules subject to shear flow is a function of Wi and τ in the flow. In this study,

λDNA molecules were stretched on curved wall surfaces in different

curved ducts in pressure-driven flows and visualized as well as measured via micro particle image velocimetry CYTH4 (μPIV) and an optical system. Special attention will be paid to examining the effect of different radii of the curved duct (i.e., Dn), buffer solutions, and the viscosity of the solution. Moreover, viscoelastic (i.e., non-Newtonian) flow in dilute DNA solution will also be examined. Methods PDMS flow cell fabrication In this study, we used a 200 μm × 200 μm microchannel, as shown in Figure 1. The polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) channels were fabricated in-house at the University Microsystem Laboratory by casting open ten Lazertinib concentric circular-slot channels from PDMS and sealing it with the same material. At the center of these ten concentric circles, an up/down plenum was drilled to allow the buffer solution and DNA molecules to flow in/out; thus, the circular ducts became two symmetric half semi-circle ducts. The casting mold was made by SU-8 deep UV lithography. The detailed SU-8 mold design and PDMS curved channel fabrication created through UV lithography can be found in [1], with slight modifications for the photomask. Table 1 lists the fabrication parameters of the present curved microchannels. Figure 1 Fabrication of the present curved channel.